Avalokiteśvara
Avalokiteśvara | |||
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Avalokiteśvara holding a lotus flower. Nālandā, Bihar, India, 9th century CE. |
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Chinese name | |||
Traditional Chinese | 觀世音 | ||
Simplified Chinese | 观世音 | ||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||
Traditional Chinese | 觀音 | ||
Simplified Chinese | 观音 | ||
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Second alternative Chinese name | |||
Traditional Chinese | 觀自在 | ||
Simplified Chinese | 观自在 | ||
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Burmese name | |||
Burmese | လောကနတ်, လောကနာထ | ||
IPA | [lɔ́ka̰ naʔ] or [lɔ́ka̰nətʰa̰] | ||
Tibetan name | |||
Tibetan | སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ | ||
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Vietnamese name | |||
Vietnamese alphabet | Quán Thế Âm | ||
Thai name | |||
Thai | อวโลกิเตศวร or เจ้าแม่กวนอิม | ||
RTGS | Avalokitesuarn or Chao mae Kuan Im | ||
Korean name | |||
Hangul | 관세음보살 | ||
Hanja | 觀世音菩薩 | ||
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Mongolian name | |||
Mongolian Cyrillic | Жанрайсиг or Нүдээр Үзэгч | ||
Mongolian script | ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ | ||
Japanese name | |||
Kanji | 観世音 or 観音 | ||
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Tamil name | |||
Tamil | அவலோகிதர் | ||
Hindi name | |||
Hindi | अवलोकितेश्वर | ||
Sanskrit name | |||
Sanskrit | अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara) ් | ||
Bengali name | |||
Bengali | অবলোকিতেশ্বর | ||
Nepal Bhasa name | |||
Nepal Bhasa | अवलोकिर्तेश्वर द्यः |
Avalokiteśvara (Sanskrit: अवलोकितेश्वर lit. "Lord who looks down") is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. Portrayed in different cultures as either male or female, Avalokiteśvara is one of the more widely revered bodhisattvas in mainstream Mahayana Buddhism, as well as unofficially in Theravada Buddhism.
The original name for this bodhisattva was Avalokitasvara. The Chinese name for Avalokiteśvara is Guānshìyīn Púsà (觀世音菩薩), which is a translation of the earlier name "Avalokitasvara Bodhisattva." This bodhisattva is variably depicted as male or female, and may also be referred to simply as Guānyīn.
In Sanskrit, Avalokitesvara is also referred to as Padmapāni ("Holder of the Lotus") or Lokeśvara ("Lord of the World"). In Tibetan, Avalokiteśvara is known as Chenrezig, སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ (Wylie: spyan ras gzigs) and is said to be incarnated as the Dalai Lama,[1] the Karmapa[2][3] and other high lamas.
The name Avalokiteśvara is made of the following parts: the verbal prefix ava, which means "down"; lokita, a past participle of the verb lok ("to notice, behold, observe"), here used in an active sense (an occasional irregularity of Sanskrit grammar); and finally īśvara, "lord", "ruler", "sovereign" or "master". In accordance with sandhi (Sanskrit rules of sound combination), a+iśvara becomes eśvara. Combined, the parts mean "lord who gazes down (at the world)". The word loka ("world") is absent from the name, but the phrase is implied.[4]
It was initially thought that the Chinese mis-transliterated the word Avalokiteśvara as Avalokitasvara which explained why Xuanzang translated it as Guānzìzài (Ch. 觀自在) instead of Guānyīn (Ch. 觀音). However, according to recent research, the original form was indeed Avalokitasvara with the ending a-svara ("sound, noise"), which means "sound perceiver", literally "he who looks down upon sound" (i.e., the cries of sentient beings who need his help; a-svara can be glossed as ahr-svara, "sound of lamentation").[5] This is the exact equivalent of the Chinese translation Guānyīn. This etymology was furthered in the Chinese by the tendency of some Chinese translators, notably Kumarajiva, to use the variant Guānshìyīn (Ch. 觀世音), literally "he who perceives the world's lamentations"—wherein lok was read as simultaneously meaning both "to look" and "world" (Skt. loka; Ch. 世, shì).[5] This name was later supplanted by the form containing the ending -īśvara, which does not occur in Sanskrit before the seventh century. The original form Avalokitasvara already appears in Sanskrit fragments of the fifth century.[6]
The original meaning of the name fits the Buddhist understanding of the role of a bodhisattva. The reinterpretation presenting him as an īśvara shows a strong influence of Hinduism, as the term īśvara was usually connected to the Hindu notion of Krishna (in Vaisnavism) or Śiva (in Śaivism) as the Supreme Lord, Creator and Ruler of the world. Some attributes of such a god were transmitted to the bodhisattva, but the mainstream of those who venerated Avalokiteśvara upheld the Buddhist rejection of the doctrine of any creator god.[7]
An etymology of the Tibetan name Jänräsig (Jainraisig) is jän (eye), rä (continuity) and sig (to look). This gives the meaning of one who always looks upon all beings (with the eye of compassion).[8]
Mahāyāna Buddhism relates Avalokiteśvara to the six-syllable mantra:
Due to his association with this mantra, Avalokiteśvara, in Tibetan Buddhism, is also called Shadakshari, which means "Lord of the Six Syllables." Recitation of this mantra along with prayer beads, is the most popular religious practice in Tibetan Buddhism.[20] The connection between this famous mantra and Avalokiteśvara occurs for the first time in the Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra. This text is first dated to around the late 4th century CE to the early 5th century CE.[21] In this sūtra, a bodhisattva is told by the Buddha that recitation of this mantra while focusing on the sound can lead to the attainment of eight hundred samādhis.[22] The Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra also features the first appearance of the Cundī Dhāraṇī, which occurs at the end of the sūtra text.[12] After the bodhisattva finally attains samādhi with the mantra "oṃ maṇipadme hūṃ", he is then able to observe 77 koṭīs of fully enlightened buddhas replying in one voice with the Cundī Dhāraṇī:
namaḥ saptānāṃ samyaksaṃbuddha koṭīnāṃ tadyathā
oṃ cale cule cundī svāhā
Avalokitesvara / Kwan Im Phu Shat di alam media obsidian permata oleh maestro ALLAH.
ReplyDeleteItulah kisah Avalokitesvara terkenal Mahasatva pengasih umat manusia.
Jadi Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, Mahasattva cerita pendek atau sering disebut Dewi Kwan Im (Tuhan yang penuh kasih), dan lukisan oleh Allah dicat pada media alam obsidian permata jutaan tahun yang lalu, perkasa, sempurna, Tuhan maha sempurna ...
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